Abstract
This paper describes an experimental investigation of materials for use as high temperature rubbing seals. The results of a comprehensive evaluation of the rubbing properties of commercial high speed tool steels are presented. It is shown that molybdenum steels have desirable high temperature seal characteristics. Tungsten steels, on the other hand, exhibit inferior properties. The best overall performance is demonstrated by a steel containing both molybdenum and tungsten in combination with cobalt. These commercial tool steels are not effective over 1000 F; therefore, new material combinations were sought. Using powder metallurgy techniques, a series of iron-base alloys containing molybdenum and cobalt was studied. It was found that alloys containing from 5 to 20% of both molybdenum and cobalt exhibit excellent rubbing properties up to 1200 F, and in general, are superior to the tool steels tested. Further testing of Fe-Mo-Co materials revealed that friction and wear are markedly dependent upon the test conditions. A minimum coefficient of friction was obtained with the highest surface speed (150 fps) and with the highest ambient temperature (1200 F). The desirable rubbing properties of this family of materials are explained in terms of surface oxidation products which act as solid-film lubricants during high temperature rubbing.
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