Abstract
This review describes different aspects to consider when developing implantable pressure sensor systems. Measurement of pressure is in general highly important in clinical practice and medical research. Due to the small size, light weight and low energy consumption Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology represents new possibilities for monitoring of physiological parameters inside the human body. Development of clinical relevant sensors requires close collaboration between technological experts and medical clinicians. Site of operation, size restrictions, patient safety, and required measurement range and resolution, are only some conditions that must be taken into account. An implantable device has to operate under very hostile conditions. Long-term in vivo pressure measurements are particularly demanding because the pressure sensitive part of the sensor must be in direct or indirect physical contact with the medium for which we want to detect the pressure. New sensor packaging concepts are demanded and must be developed through combined effort between scientists in MEMS technology, material science, and biology. Before launching a new medical device on the market, clinical studies must be performed. Regulatory documents and international standards set the premises for how such studies shall be conducted and reported.
Highlights
Due to the small size, light weight and low energy consumption Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology represents new possibilities for monitoring of physiological parameters inside the human body
Combined with constant advances in technology for wireless energy and data transmission, long-term in vivo measurements are achievable. Such measurements are expected to improve the quality of medical diagnosis and treatment
In this review we focus on the importance of long-term in vivo pressure measurements in clinical practice, and how novel technology in this field can promise immense healthcare improvements
Summary
Due to the small size, light weight and low energy consumption Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology represents new possibilities for monitoring of physiological parameters inside the human body. Combined with constant advances in technology for wireless energy and data transmission, long-term in vivo measurements are achievable Such measurements are expected to improve the quality of medical diagnosis and treatment. Pressure in the circulatory system, intraocular, urinary bladder, muscle compartments, joints (e.g., knee and hip) and brain are only some examples of pressures being routinely measured Such in vivo pressure measurements are regularly carried out, they are currently limited to a short period of time (e.g., during or after surgery) due to patient comfort and safety. This review is based on selected papers in technological and medical literature and on experience gained during the development of MEMS based in vivo technology for monitoring of pressures in the brain, big joints and in the urinary bladder. We hope that this review can provide for exchange of experience both between and across the different fields of expertise
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