Development of Biodegradable Bio-Based Composite for Bone Tissue Engineering: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatible Evaluation.

Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan,Muhammad Arshad,Saiful Izwan Abd Razak,Razauden Mohamed Zulkifli,Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Ansari,Nurliyana Ahmad Zawawi

doi:10.3390/polym13213611

Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan, Muhammad Arshad + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213611

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Abstract

Several significant advancements in the field of bone regenerative medicine have been made in recent years. However, therapeutic options, such as bone grafts, have several drawbacks. There is a need to develop an adequate bone substitute. As a result, significant bone defects/injuries pose a severe challenge for orthopaedic and reconstructive bone tissue. We synthesized polymeric composite material from arabinoxylan (ARX), β-glucan (BG), nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), graphene oxide (GO), acrylic acid (AAc) through free radical polymerization and porous scaffold fabricated using the freeze-drying technique. These fabricated porous scaffolds were then coated with chitosan solution to enhance their biological activities. The complex structure of BG, nHAp, GO was studied through various characterization and biological assays. The structural, morphological, wetting and mechanical analyses were determined using FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM/EXD, water contact angle and UTM. The swelling (aqueous and PBS media) and degradation (PBS media) observed their behavior in contact with body fluid. The biological activities were conducted against mouse pre-osteoblast cell lines. The result found that BGH3 has desirable morphological, structural with optimum swelling, degradation, and mechanical behavior. It was also found to be cytocompatible against MC3T3-E1 cell lines. The obtained results confirmed that the fabricated polymeric scaffolds would be a potential bone substitute to regenerate defective bone with different loading bearing applications for bone tissue engineering.

Highlights

Bone is a connective tissue supporting and protecting the rest of the body systems and organs by storing bone marrow, minerals and ions
Excellent translational biomaterials demonstrate a ton of potential performance in the lab but have limitations in commercialization due to cast and other research aspects
We reported the synthesis of polymeric composite materials via the free radical method to fabricate polymeric scaffolds using the freeze-drying technique

Summary

Introduction

Bone is a connective tissue supporting and protecting the rest of the body systems and organs by storing bone marrow, minerals and ions. A wide range of activities, strategies, and surgical materials were used to study to regenerate defective bone tissue. Bone grafts are used in bone tissue application to restore function and aesthetics that were damaged due to bone defects. Sizeable segmental bone defects cannot be repaired by themselves, even though bones can heal and/or regenerate. The “gold standard” for repairing bone defects is still autologous bone grafting. Autologous bone grafting is affected by several issues (i.e., secondary damage, high donor site morbidity, minimal shape, autogenous bone insufficiency, etc.). Because of these flaws, it is not widely used in the clinical system [5]

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