Abstract
Transient magnetic field sensors are used in various electromagnetic environment measurement scenarios. In this paper, a novel magnetic field sensor based on a digital integrator was developed. The antenna was a small B-DOT loop. It was designed optimally for the simulation. The magnetic field signal was digitally integrated with the improved Al-Alaoui algorithm, resulting in less integration error. To compensate for the bandwidth loss of the optical fiber system, we specially designed an FIR (finite impulse response) filter for frequency compensation. The circuit was described, and the transimpedance amplifier was specially designed to ensure the low noise characteristic of the receiver. The sensitivity of the sensor was calibrated at 68.2 A·m−1/mV, the dynamic range was 50 dB (1–300 kA/m), the linear correlation coefficient was 0.96, and the bandwidth was greater than 100 MHz. It was tested and verified under the action of an A-type lightning current. The sensor exhibited high-precision performance and flat amplitude-frequency characteristics. Therefore, it is suitable for lightning positioning, partial discharge testing, electromagnetic compatibility management, and other applications.
Highlights
Electromagnetic pulse measurement is an important tool in lightning positioning, electromagnetic compatibility, and partial discharge research
The receiver contains a photoelectric conversion circuit and a broadband amplifying circuit, which sends the signal to an oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer for observation. Both the transmitter and receiver are shielded with thick aluminum alloy to ensure that the shielding effectiveness (SE) is greater than 100 dB
We mainly investigated the influence of antenna size and load on antenna performance [16]
Summary
Electromagnetic pulse measurement is an important tool in lightning positioning, electromagnetic compatibility, and partial discharge research. For the study of the electric and magnetic field distribution of key positions inside aircraft under a lightning electromagnetic environment, various types of electromagnetic field sensors have been developed worldwide in recent years These sensors use antennas to induce electromagnetic pulse signals and electro-optical conversion technology to transmit measurement signals through optical fibers. In response to the need for transient magnetic field measurements generated by lightning, we designed a B-DOT sensor with a rise time of fewer than 1 ns. It was combined with a digital integrator and optical fiber transmission system to construct a transient magnetic field measurement system with high precision.
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