Development of a structural and functional diagram of an aggregate for grinding and incorporating coarse stem plant residues into the soil

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Annotation Purpose. Increasing the efficiency of crushing operations and embedding coarse-stem plant residues into the soil due to the improvement of the technological process using a combined unit containing a crusher roller, disc working bodies and a compactor roller. Methods. The research was carried out using synthesis analysis, correlation-regression analysis, which makes prediction of the output quality and energy indicators for certain operating conditions and certain parameters of the combined machine for processing corn stubble. The rational values of design parameters and operating modes were determined based on the results of solving the problem of optimizing energy costs and quality indicators within one module with established internal factor relationships and relationships that arise when working bodies interact with the plant environment and soil. Results. A structural and functional diagram of a combined unit has been developed, in which a shredder roller in combination with a disc harrow and a compactor roller improves the quality of processing operations with simultaneous crushing and harvesting plant residues into the soil. The trailed combined unit contains a towing device, a frame, support wheels for moving in the transport position, a section of crusher rollers, a section of cut spherical disc working bodies, a section of solid spherical disc working bodies, mechanisms for adjusting the angles of attack of sections of spherical discs, sections of compaction rollers. Conclusions 1. The technological process of crushing (up to 5 cm) of plant residues of coarse-stem crops, their earning, mixing with the soil and spreading over layers to a depth of 25 cm, rolling the treated soil and leveling the field surface has been improved, reduces the development of corn moth. 2. A structural-functional diagram has been developed and a combined unit has been manufactured, the main difference of which is the use of a mounted module-roller-grinder, which intensifies the grinding process and earns coarse-stem plant residues into the soil, increases the quality indicators of the technological operation by the amount of crushed plant residues less than 5 cm to 70–80%. Keywords: corn, plant debris, grinding, making plant debris, tillage, combined unit.