Abstract
Tsunami hazard is an adverse event, which causes damage to properties and loss of life. The study on the effects of tsunami hazard on building vulnerability can help establish and improve the resilience of the building. The problem in assessing the building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard is significant whereby available models for assessing the risk are not applicable for buildings in Padang, Indonesia. The study developed a new Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) model to estimate building vulnerability for assessment the risk. Literature review was carried out with regards to model development. The model was grouped in two categories of vulnerability, namely the Water Inundation (WI) and the Building Vulnerability (BV). The water inundation comprises tsunami inundation factor. Then, the building bulnerability consists of both internal and external factors. Contribution of each factor is 1/3 or 33.33% of the overall weighting of the new RVI scores. The new RVI model has applied a formula of 1/3 water (tsunami) inundation factor + 1/3 internal factor + 1/3 external factor. The total value of all weights put together should be equal to 100. To use the model, it is necessary to investigate two internal and external factors based on the characteristics of a building and specific geographichal feature of an area. In conclusion, this study has successfully developed a new RVI model for building vulnerability towards tsunamis. In comparison to other approaches, the model offers an adaptable methodology for the characteristics of the buildings and spesific geographical features of the area.
Highlights
Indonesia is a big country which is highly exposed to tsunami risk
This study focuses on establishing building vulnerability model, for areas in Indonesia as well as those areas with the same characteristics
There are three main factors that need to be considered in calculating building vulnerability to tsunami hazard in the study area, namely the tsunami inundation factor, the internal, and the external vulnerability factors
Summary
Indonesia is a big country which is highly exposed to tsunami risk. In the last two centuries, there were four major earthquakes that occurred in the Sumatra subduction zone, which include in 1833 with a magnitude of 8.8 to 9.2 Richter scale [1](McCloskey et al, 2008), and in 1797 with a magnitude of 8.5 to 8.7 Richter scale [2](McCloskey et al, 2010). On the 26th of December, 2004 with a magnitude of 9.0 to 9.3 Richter scale, the region of Aceh was shaken by a tsunami. The tsunami ruptured major fault zones ocean – Australia along the 1300 km [3](Suppasri et al, 2010). The impacts of this tsunami have caused serious damaged on infrastructure and buildings along the coast with 300,000 reported casualties. On the 28th of March, 2005, the Sumatran megathrust subduction zone collapsed in the magnitude of 8.7 Richter scale earthquake in Nias, where more than 200 buildings were destroyed [4](Briggs et al, 2006)
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