Abstract
The objective of this article is to establish the attributes (factors) of building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard, particularly for areas in Padang, Indonesia, as well as those areas with the same characteristics. Within this framework, this study informs the progress towards a more systematic approach to factor development for a Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) score for assessing the building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard. The RVI score is used to predict tsunami risk zones on building vulnerability. The analysis was conducted to develop the factors that influence the building vulnerability. Developing factors of the building vulnerability to tsunami hazard is a key aspect for assessing the RVI, as their result may misguide local decision-makers to act adequately concerning the local risk if they are based on an inappropriate set of factors. These factors were classified under three distinct groups: 1) internal factors; 2) external factors and 3) water inundation factor. The selection of factors are based on the building and the location characteristics. Therefore, the factors that may influence the risk were listed. Based on the kinds of literature and opinion of practitioners/experts, several imperative factors that affect the risk were identified and studied. The factors were tabulated and were sorted from highest to lowest numbers. Based on the tabulation of these factors, the summary of analysis results for internal factors are: construction material; the number of stories; foundation type; date of the building; preservation condition; ground floor hydrodynamic; shape and orientation of the building. Furthermore, based on the tabulation results for external data factors and tsunami inundation factor, the external factors are: movable object; building row; height of concrete fence; natural barrier; distance from the coastline; distance from the river; obstacle islands and gap between building attributes and water inundation factor is tsunami inundation depth.
Highlights
There are many countries in this world that are located within the areas where the tectonic plates are active
IF1 is building materials/construction materials, IF2 is number of floors/number of stories, IF3 is date of built/ building age, IF4 is preservation condition, IF5 is hydrodynamics of r/c/ ground floor hydrodynamic, IF6 is existence of underground floors, IF7 is foundation types/foundation strength, IF8 is occupation form, IF9 is number of utilization units, IF10 is the average number of daily visitor or residents per unit of use and IF11 occupation floating, IF12 is built form plan, IF13 is emerged building height in relation to the wave, IF14 is description of ground floor, IF15 is shape and orientation/ building orientation/building geometry
EF1 is distance from the sea/distance to coastline, EF2 is ground elevation, EF3 is row position/ building row, EF4 is movable objects, EF5 is morphology of the flooded area, EF6 is consolidation of geologic materials, EF7 is average slope (o), EF8 is use and land cover, EF9 is the emerged building height in relation to the wave, EF10 is sea defence/ sea wall height and shape, EF11 is natural environment/ natural barrier, EF12 is brick wall around the building, EF13 is tsunami inundation; EF14 is land cover, EF15 is shore morphology, EF16 is distance from the river and EF17 is an obstacle islands
Summary
There are many countries in this world that are located within the areas where the tectonic plates are active. Most of these coastal areas are vulnerable to tsunamis. Padang being a populous area, is very vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis because the region is near a seismic source in Mentawai Islands. The city is located on the west coast of Sumatra Island. The Mentawai Islands is part of the territorial sea. The city has five large rivers including Batang Kuranji, Batang Air Dingin, Batang Logam, Batang Kandis and Batang Tarung. The rivers run through Padang to the sea
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