Abstract
Dystocia is a significant issue in Holstein cattle. Injury, pain, inflammation, acidosis, and low overall vitality are common effects seen in calves that survive. In humans, a standard vigor scoring system has been used for over 60 years. This score is based on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (Apgar Score). A validated method of assessment of newborn calf vitality has not been developed. Also, pain management in newborn calves after dystocia is not often addressed by veterinarians or producers. It was the overall objective of this research to identify the various effects of calving difficulty on newborn dairy calves, and to relate these effects to easily measurable signs of reduced vigor. These signs were quantified into a VIGOR Scoring System. Also, methods to reduce pain, inflammation, and acidosis resulting from dystocia were investigated.
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