Abstract
This paper proposes a smartphone-based network real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning and gravity-surveying application (app) that allows semi-real-time measurements using the built-in Bluetooth features of the smartphone and a third-generation or long-term evolution wireless device. The app was implemented on a single smartphone by integrating a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) controller, a laptop, and a field-note writing tool. The observation devices (i.e., a GNSS receiver and relative gravimeter) functioned independently of this system. The app included a gravity module, which converted the measured relative gravity reading into an absolute gravity value according to tides; meter height; instrument drift correction; and network adjustments. The semi-real-time features of this app allowed data to be shared easily with other researchers. Moreover, the proposed smartphone-based gravity-survey app was easily adaptable to various locations and rough terrain due to its compact size.
Highlights
Gravity measurements for gravity anomalies, mostly conducted by relative measurement using springs, have a precision of 0.001 mGal [1,2] and require several minutes to dozens of minutes for measurements to be complete
The equipment used in the experiment included the GRX1 global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver (Sokkia, Tokyo, Japan) and a CG-5 gravimeter (Scintrex, ON, Canada) (Table 1).The network real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning used correction data with a duration of 1 second, which was provided by National Geographic Information Institute (NGII)
Network RTK positioning and gravity surveying experiments were conducted with the proposed app to evaluate its performance
Summary
Gravity measurements for gravity anomalies, mostly conducted by relative measurement using springs, have a precision of 0.001 mGal [1,2] and require several minutes to dozens of minutes for measurements to be complete. Measurement times have been reduced considerably, the field notes used to measure gravity utilize analogue methods. These field notes record the station name, location, measured gravity, measurement time, height of the gravity meter, latitude and longitude of the GNSS, and antenna height of the GNSS receiver. This process is time-consuming and may require additional computing resources to convert relative gravity measurements into an absolute gravity value
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