Abstract
Reliable and Redundant RTK Positioning for Applications in Hard Observational ConditionsIt is well known that RTK (Real Time Kinematic) positioning is a very efficient technique for determination of coordinates in real time, directly on location. Although this technique has been well known since the mid-nineties of the last century, the common use of this technique developed since permanent reference GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) stations started operating as the national reference systems. Positioning in real time is very convenient for users who do not need to know any advanced technique of post-processing, especially in cases when no obstructions exist around the measured point exist. However, in practice, there are some situations when the use of RTK technique makes some difficulties, especially if the GNSS receiver has no full availability of satellites. Obstructions caused by trees, buildings, power lines etc. limit satellite availability and in consequence decrease the reliability of determined coordinates significantly. In those situations gross errors of even meters can appear in RTK positioning. In order to avoid misleading coordinates occurring we can use more than one RTK receiver simultaneously. The paper presents an approach to the RTK technology based on the simultaneous use of three different RTK receivers. Three different GNSS/RTK receivers can be set on a special mounting beam and additionally RTK positions are sent in real time to a computer. The computer software analyses not only the precision but also checks the accuracy and reliability of the RTK positions determined. Consequently, the new approach to RTK survey presented can allow obtaining reliable coordinates of centimeter accuracy even under very severe forest conditions.
Highlights
Nowadays permanent reference stations are common in many countries
Reliable determination of coordinates is the key issue in real time positioning
On the base of diversified experiments it can be concluded that the results of RTK surveys conducted under forest conditions is characterized by high precision from the moment of solving the ambiguity until the moment of losing that solution but considering the appearance of gross errors difficult to detect the results of such surveys are not reliable
Summary
Nowadays permanent reference stations are common in many countries. They can reduce distant-dependent errors in the carrier phase and pseudorange measurements at the user station significantly (Dai et al, 2001). The use of multiple measurements based on the assumption that RTK coordinates can be regarded as reliable when obtained after three times re-initialization as recommended in RTK positioning for difficult conditions, allows detecting gross errors (Bakuáa et al, 2009) and increases the measurement time significantly.
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