Abstract
This study details the development and validation of the White Critical Consciousness Index (WhiCCI) as a tool for measuring the critical consciousness (CC) of white Americans. We argue that CC, when viewed from the vantage point of Freire’s oppressor, must be measured differently. Therefore, new items were developed using insights from the CC and white anti-racist allyship literature to accommodate difference in CC measurement. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, this study analyzes data from over 2000 more privileged white Americans and arrives at an instrument aligned with the tripartite model of CC: Critical Reflection, Critical Motivation, and Critical Action.
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