Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the development and growth of hop cultivars under high temperature conditions. The work was developed at the Farm of Teaching, Research and Extension the School of Engineering of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Ilha Solteira in two harvests. The design used was randomized blocks with six treatments (cultivars – Cascade, Millenium, Chinook, Centennial, Magnum and Nugget), and six replications. Plant height, leaf chlorophyll index, number of flowers and flower mass in two crops were evaluated. In the first harvest, the Nugget variety had the greatest growth. The Cascade, Millenium and Chinook varieties did not produce flowers. From those that produced, the cultivar Magnum obtained 132.90 kg ha-1 of flowers. In the second harvest the Cascade and Chinook varieties did not produce flowers. Cultivars Cascade, Millenium, Centennial and Nugget showed the highest growth in height. The Magnum variety produced the greatest amount of flowers (467.33 kg ha-1), followed by the Millenium (290.56 kg ha-1) and Centennial (226.60 kg ha-1) variety. Thus, for the brewing, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industry, the cultivation of the Magnum variety is recommended in the northwest region of São Paulo state, as it produces a greater quantity of flowers. If the purpose is ornamental, the cultivation of the Cascade, Nugget, Centennial and Millenium varieties may be recommended as they show the greatest height development.
Highlights
Brazil has grown in brewing segment due to big manufacturers and in craft brewery sector that constantly appear in the market
The research was performed at Farm of Teaching, Research and Extension the School of Engineering of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Ilha Solteira, with latitude 20o 25‟ S, longitude 51o 21‟ W and altitude of 330 m, in the municipality of Ilha Solteira, São Paulo state, Brazil, where the soil is classified as sandy-clay Eutrophic RED ARGISSOL (Embrapa, 2013)
At 49, 58, 64 and 68 days after planting (DAP); Cascade, Millenium and Chinook continued presenting the lowest height means and from 49 DAP only Nugget have highlighted among all varieties and the difference between this variety and the second biggest in each evaluation have increased considerably: at 49 DAP the difference was 31.48 cm between Nugget and Magnum; at 58 DAP the second biggest variety was Centennial 80.67 cm smaller than Nugget; at 64 DAP and 68 DAP, Nugget and Centennial were the first and the second biggest varieties, the difference was higher, 130.32 cm and 157.32 cm, respectively
Summary
Brazil has grown in brewing segment due to big manufacturers and in craft brewery sector that constantly appear in the market. It currently ranks third place in the ranking of the largest producers with average of 13 billion litres of beer a year. The growth of establishments has been constant over the last twenty years, with average growth rate of 19.6% per year. With an intermediate growth projection, this number would reach close to 5,000 breweries and the most modest at 3,500 (Mapa – Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, 2020a; Cavalcanti et al, 2021)
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