Detoxification and anti-mycotoxigenic effect of Ochratoxin A produced by Penicillium expansum species utilizing probiotic Pichia kudriavzevii and biogenic-selenium nano-formulations

Abstract

Ochratoxins are overall spread fungal secondary metabolites combined chiefly by some toxigenic types of Aspergillus and Penicillium. A few physical, chemical and biological techniques were found among literary reports to wipe out, inactivate or decrease the bioavailability of mycotoxins counting ochratoxin A (OTA). Concerning the creation of OTA, Penicillium expansum strains inspected in this examination using TLC were recorded surprisingly for the first time. They were subjected to the beforehand announced probiotic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii, biosynthesized Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and consolidated plans of both to look at their capability to detoxificate or lessening of this mycotoxin. Every single tried experiment was found to be capable for diminishing OTA as confirmed by the quantitative assessment using HPLC. Where, the blend of Pichia kudriavzevii and SeNPs-plans demonstrated that most of OTA evacuation rate created by P.expansum5 (50.18 %). While the least OTA expulsion rate was watched delivered by P.expansum3 (76.08%) treated with SeNPs as it were. The ultrastructural investigations of P.expansum5 cells completed with TEM demonstrated the continuous harm of the fungal cells constituents as it appeared from the investigations. The most elevated impacts were seen among the cytoplasmic constituents of P.expansum5 cells treated with the previous blend of probiotic and SeNPs that were totally contracted and pulled back far from the cell membrane leaving a gigantic separation region of no organelles. Remarkable cytoplasmic ultrastructure's deformations of P.expansum5 cells with appearance of some vacuolation as a survival adaptation mode of the fungal cells were additionally recorded. Conclusively, this is the primary statement of OTA biodegradation using a combination strategy of probiotic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii and biogenic-SeNPs which endorsing the impact of utilizing these novel natural blends for the detoxification, anti-mycotoxigenic and/or diminution of OTA production by mycotoxegenic fungal species. This natural mixture could be recommended to be utilized as a food/feed additive, during storage and as prophylactic agent in pre-and post-harvest crops.