Abstract
The increase in economic activity in the industrial sector and the rapid growth of the world population have stimulated an increase in energy demand. In 2004, Indonesia earned the status of a net importer of oil so that it becomes a challenge for the Indonesian government in developing the use of renewable energy to achieve ideal conditions for national energy security. Indonesia has the potential for large amounts of renewable energy sources, one of which is palm-based biodiesel. The mandatory biodiesel policy program was implemented in 2008 with a biodiesel content of 2.5% and gradually until 2019 with a biodiesel content of 30% (B30). The mandatory biodiesel policy is closely related to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the concept of maintaining the balance of Trilemma Energi. The current energy management and utilization policies in Indonesia continue to increase in line with modern life consumption patterns that require a more environmentally friendly energy variable for energy absorption in Indonesia, especially renewable energy. The purpose of this research is to determine the integration model of palm-based biodiesel policy as a renewable energy commodity to support energy security. This study uses several strategic frameworks by combining a quantitative approach through the perspective of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and measuring the technology coefficient using the Technology Contribution Coefficient (TCC), as well as a qualitative approach with the Business Model Canvas (BMC) and the design of the Omnibus Law. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Expert Opinion (EO) which were validated by Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) using a sample of 40 respondents from related agencies. The results showed that based on the SEM-PLS validation of 20 BSC perspective variables, two invalid variables were obtained, namely the variable efficiency port service cost and value-added creation which had a P value> 0.05. Meanwhile, Indonesia's TCC score is quite high, namely 0.787, which means that Indonesia is quite aggressive in developing biodiesel and its policies. Based on the results of the FGD expert, it was obtained that the BMC initiates the helicopters to view current biodiesel developments. And 10 regulations have been drafted into a proposed draft Omnibus Law through an action plan.
Highlights
One important form of national resilience is economic resilience
The mandatory biodiesel policy concerning the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and to increase energy production and as an effort to increase added value is an integral part of the concept of maintaining the balance of Trilemma Energi which includes energy security, energy equity and the environment sustainability (Cornell, 2009)
In the Indonesian economic system, oil palm commodity has a bright prospect as a source of foreign exchange that can create broad job opportunities to improve the welfare of the Indonesian people, according to Presidential Regulation No 24 of 2015 palm oil is a strategic plantation commodity that can be used for various products such as food, oleochemicals, and bioenergy
Summary
One important form of national resilience is economic resilience. National Resilience in the economic field can be seen from the conditions of a country's economic life, where the country must be able to maintain the country's national economic independence. By increasing the use of oil palm in biodiesel as part of the biological source of biodiesel in the composition of the national energy mix, there will be three strategic objectives achieved, namely: (1) Minimizing foreign exchange outflows due to the use of biodiesel blends, (2) Maintaining fixed palm prices high because there is a substitute for palm oil demand for domestic biodiesel, (3) Increasing the contribution and role of biofuels in the target of the renewable energy mix These three strategic objectives in aggregate will strengthen the exchange rate and minimize the current account deficit (CAD) and for the long term, renewable energy from palm oil will minimize the predicted threat of net importers of total energy in 2027 (Brown et al, 2013). A model that can synchronize policies and synergies between sectors is packaged as an integrated policy solution in a performance management framework so that the development of palm oil, especially Crude Palm Oil (CPO), is renewable energy (Goh & Lee, 2010)
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