Abstract
AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), aluminium (Al), thallium (Tl), antimony (Sb) and uranium (U) in the apple and orange juices and black currant nectar in relation to the kind of packaging. Also, probabilistic risk assessment (non-carcinogenic) was estimated by models including target hazard quotient (THQ and THQ*). Aluminium (Al) was present at the highest concentration in the analysed juices and nectars, with average concentration ranging from 1.34 mg/kg in orange juices (glass) to 4.26 mg/kg in black currant nectar (glass). Fruit juices and nectars kept in tetra pack packaging were characterised by elevated concentrations of Al and Sb, while the products in glass packaging contained significantly higher concentrations of As compared with the products in tetra pack packaging. Although the average concentrations of trace elements were lower than the standard limit, exposure to non-carcinogenic factors was demonstrated.
Highlights
IntroductionAn increase of interest in fruit and vegetable juices is observed in the world
In recent years, an increase of interest in fruit and vegetable juices is observed in the world
Juices contain minerals, which are naturally present in the components in fruits and are related to the uptake of elements by plants from the natural environment [1]. Another factor to be considered is the effect of production conditions and packaging materials on the mineral contents in the readyfor-consumption product; the materials that do not add undesirable components to enriching food should be selected as the packaging material [2,3]
Summary
An increase of interest in fruit and vegetable juices is observed in the world. Juices and nectars play an important role in human nutrition They are sources of vitamins, especially vitamin C, folic acid and vitamins from group B, as well as minerals – mainly manganese and potassium and phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, zinc and selenium. They contain fibre, which regulates the metabolic processes, as well as antioxidant and bioactive substances. Juices contain minerals, which are naturally present in the components in fruits and are related to the uptake of elements by plants from the natural environment (soil, water, air) [1]. Another factor to be considered is the effect of production conditions and packaging materials on the mineral contents in the readyfor-consumption product; the materials that do not add undesirable components to enriching food should be selected as the packaging material [2,3]
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