Abstract

Beras merupakan bahan pangan pokok bagi 95 persen masyarakat Indonesia, hal tersebut menjadikan beras sebagai komoditas penting dalam sektor sosial, politik, ekonomi, pemenuhan hak asasi manusia dan ketahanan pangan Indonesia. Karena itu, ketersediaan beras menjadi prioritas negara, baik dengan produksi ataupun impor. Impor beras di Indonesia dilakukan untuk menjaga ketersediaan stok beras. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan dan dampak kebijakan peningkatan areal irigasi terhadap rasio ketergantungan impor beras Indonesia. Data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder dari tahun 1998–2021. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan persamaan simultan dengan metode estimasi 2SLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa areal irigasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap areal panen, namun berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap produktivitas padi. Dampak dari kebijakan peningkatan areal irigasi adalah meningkatnya luas panen, produktivitas, produksi padi dan beras dalam negeri, dan sebaliknya menurunkan impor beras maupun rasio ketergantungan impor. Dalam upaya untuk memperluas areal irigasi hendaknya diarahkan pada peningkatan infrastruktur yang dibutuhkan petani melalui rehabilitasi jaringan irigasi dan memperbanyak kapasitas tampungan air seperti embung dan bendungan. Hal ini dalam rangka meningkatkan produksi beras dan menurunkan rasio ketergantungan impor. Rice is the staple food for 95 percent of Indonesia, making it an essential commodity socially, politically, and economically, as it is closely related to Indonesia’s human rights and food security achievement. Hence, the availability of rice is the country’s priority, either through production or import. Rice imports in Indonesia are performed to maintain stocks. The study aimed to examine the determinants and impacts of the policy of increasing irrigated areas on the import dependency ratio (IDR) of Indonesian rice. The data used was secondary data from 1998 to 2021. The data analysis used simultaneous equations and the estimation method was 2SLS. The results show that the irrigated area positively and significantly affects the harvested area. However, it has an insignificant effect on productivity. The impact of the increasing irrigated areas policy is an increase in harvested area, productivity, and rice production, as well as reducing rice imports and the IDR. To expand irrigated areas, government policy should be directed at improving the infrastructure farmers need by rehabilitating irrigation networks and enhancing air storage capacity in reservoirs and dams. This is to increase rice production and gradually reduce the IDR.

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