DETECTION OF STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS AND DAMAGES BY OBSERVATIONAL INSPECTIONS IN "CUMBA" AND "KABALTI" IN DIYARBAKIR

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Suriçi Region in Diyarbakır is the part of the city surrounded by historical walls and home to many historical and traditional buildings. Keeping the architectural elements that make up the traditional texture of the region alive is important in terms of preserving the historical texture. Aim: This study was conducted to identify and evaluate the structural problems and damages in the current state of the ‘‘cumba’’ and ‘‘kabaltı’’, which are traditional architectural elements that have survived to the present day in the Suriçi Region. Method: In the study, some extant ‘‘cumba’’ and "kabaltı" were examined on site and field work was carried out. Structural problems and damages in the buildings were detected observationally. Detected damages are grouped under the following headings: damages caused by natural conditions such as temperature change or humidity, damages caused by material losses, and damages caused by user error. Problems and damages in the buildings examined during the field study were documented with photographs. Results: It was observed that the existing damages were concentrated in the stone and wooden materials used. Color change, surface distortion and deflection damage caused by climatic effects were detected. Loss of surface and binding mortar in stone material; in the wooden material, crusting, rotting and superficial crack damage occurred. Non-specific interventions in carrier systems have caused user-related damage. Conclusion: The ‘‘cumba’’ and ‘‘kabaltı’’, which are aesthetic parts of traditional city architecture, are architectural elements that should be protected. In this study, the structural problems and damages detected are included in the table created to contribute to the precautions to be taken, restoration applications or zoning regulations in the context of urban texture of these buildings, whose current condition and damages were determined by observational detection method.