Abstract
Amid the recent disease outbreaks that have been spreading across the world, the education systems in every country have witnessed a dramatic transformation. In particular, the situation has promoted online learning on an unprecedented scale, with classes being held virtually on digital platforms. This vital transformation is a major challenge in developing countries where information infrastructure for remote learning is lacking. Inspired by these observations, this study first investigated the obstacles in the way of the deployment of smart education systems (SESs) in developing countries from a technical perspective. Consequently, a detachable SES framework, named vSmartEdu, is proposed. The framework is based on a hybrid online/offline web-service model, which adopts a service-based architecture (SBA) design concept to develop smart classrooms. In particular, the online mode is activated for a web-based classroom if an Internet service is available. In contrast, the offline-version of the system is available in offline mode in packaged form, and is utilized when the Internet is not available in a local classroom. Finally, a prototype was deployed to collect feedback from learners and educators at various educational levels. The trial implementation and survey results concretely validate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed solution.
Highlights
Online learning has experienced incredible growth as a promising method that enables education systems to overcome the critical impact of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic worldwide
Tages of emerging technologies, such as mobile edge/cloud computing [2], [3], the Internet of Things (IoT) [4], and virtual/augmented reality [5], these efforts are possibly insufficient to respond to this surge in the demand for online learning because of time and financial constraints
A flexible balanced solution is of vital necessity to manage the tradeoff between the technological aspects and costs related to serviceability in smart education systems (SESs)
Summary
Online learning has experienced incredible growth as a promising method that enables education systems to overcome the critical impact of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic worldwide. Tages of emerging technologies, such as mobile edge/cloud computing [2], [3], the Internet of Things (IoT) [4], and virtual/augmented reality [5], these efforts are possibly insufficient to respond to this surge in the demand for online learning because of time and financial constraints To overcome these challenges, a flexible balanced solution is of vital necessity to manage the tradeoff between the technological aspects and costs related to serviceability in smart education systems (SESs). The methodology we employed to address the research questions is as follows: 1) We first investigated the difficulties presented by an immature ICT infrastructure with respect to SES deployment, and motivated by the findings, we considered selecting the appropriate technology and developing an efficient approach.
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