Abstract
AbstractThis paper presents an interdisciplinary approach, along with Vietnam's legal frameworks, to design an automatic hydro-meteorological (HM) observation network for a real-time flood warning system in Vu Gia-Thu Bon (VGTB) river basin, Vietnam. The automatic HM monitoring network consists of weather-proof enclosures containing data loggers, rechargeable batteries, sensors for air temperature, air humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, water level with attached solar panels and mounted upon masts located at fixed ground stations. A total of 20 meteorological stations and five hydrological stations have been built in VGTB river basin. To capture changes in weather and stream flow in the basin, the 5-minute and half-hour recording frequency options were set for meteorological and hydrological variables, respectively. All HM data was transmitted every 30 minutes to the data server at the data processing centre via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network. These data were then input into hydrological-hydraulic models for inundation simulation in the basin. The results showed that the performance of flood simulation at hourly time step has significantly improved during flood events in September and November 2015. Overall, near-real-time HM data recording from an automatic monitoring network proved beneficial for an flood early warning system.
Highlights
Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people, resulting in thousands of deaths and billions of dollars in losses each year worldwide
There are two rain gauge systems operating independently on Vu Gia-Thu Bon (VGTB) basin: one includes rain gauges located upstream of large reservoirs under the management of the reservoir owners, the other includes rain gauges and hydrometeorological stations installed throughout the basin managed by the Mid-Central Hydro-Meteorological Centre
VGTB river basin is ranked number eight among the largest river basins in Vietnam, with an area of over 10,000 km2, there are currently only four rain gauges, one stations operated by Mid-Central Hydro-Meteorological Centre; **nine rain gauges, HM stations operated by Mid-Central Hydro-Meteorological Centre plus 20 automatic weather stations)
Summary
Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people, resulting in thousands of deaths and billions of dollars in losses each year worldwide. Journal of Hydroinformatics | 23.2 | 2021 flood damage, adaptation and mitigation measures should be considered (Acosta-Coll et al ). Possessing the ability to give advance notice of an impending flood and enable the implementation of emergency plans, early warning systems can be used appropriately to save lives and reduce other adverse impacts (Jha et al ). Flood warning systems are currently operational in many countries such as the Flood Forecasting system of DELFT-FEWS (Deltares ), Automated Local Evaluation in Real Time (National Hydrologic Warning Council ), Central America Flash Flood Guidance (Christopher et al ), and Flood Forecasting and River Monitoring System in the Mekong River Basin (Chayanis et al ). The differences between types of flood warning system operating in developing and developed countries appear to be insignificant (Perera et al )
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