Abstract
Vu Gia-Thu Bon (VGTB) river basin is an area where flash flood and heavy flood events occur frequently, negatively impacting the local community and socio-economic development of Quang Nam Province. In recent years, structural and non–structural solutions have been implemented to mitigate damages due to floods. However, under the impact of climate change, natural disasters continue to happen unpredictably day by day. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a spatial decision support system for real-time flood warnings in the VGTB river basin, which will support in ensuring the area’s socio-economic development. The main purpose of this study is to develop an online flood warning system in real-time based on Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, GIS, telecommunications, and modeling (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC–RAS)) in order to support the local community in the vulnerable downstream areas in the event of heavy rainfall upstream. The structure of the designed system consists of these following components: (1) real-time hydro-meteorological monitoring network, (2) IoT communication infrastructure (Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), wireless networks), (3) database management system (bio-physical, socio-economic, hydro-meteorological, and inundation), (4) simulating and predicting model (SWAT, HEC–RAS), (5) automated simulating and predicting module, (6) flood warning module via short message service (SMS), (7) WebGIS, application for providing and managing hydro-meteorological and inundation data, and (8) users (citizens and government officers). The entire operating processes of the flood warning system (i.e., hydro-meteorological data collecting, transferring, updating, processing, running SWAT and HEC–RAS, visualizing) are automated. A complete flood warning system for the VGTB river basin has been developed as an outcome of this study, which enables the prediction of flood events 5 h in advance and with high accuracy of 80%.
Highlights
Among the countries in the world most affected by extreme weather events in the period from 1996 to 2015, Vietnam is ranked eighth [1]
We developed a set of control scripts, and further, a user USACE Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC–RAS) Controller [23] and Mouse Tracking
The automated procedure for streamflow simulation in SWAT consists of three steps, differentiated by season: (1) real-time weather data and stored at the MS SQL Server database management system is aggregated into weather input files, in accordance with a predetermined interval of 30 min or daily; (2) simulation duration is updated such that the last date of weather data updates and the end day of simulation should match; the frequency of output files is printed in the master River Basin file every 30 min or daily; and (3) the SWAT model is run to simulate streamflow stored in the main channel output file
Summary
Among the countries in the world most affected by extreme weather events in the period from 1996 to 2015, Vietnam is ranked eighth [1]. In Vietnam, flooding is one of the major threats that have a negative impact on the development of the country [2]. Natural disasters including floods have increased in both intensity and variety due to the changes in global climate and socio-economic development activities [3,4,5,6]. The VGTB river basin is located in the mid-central region of Vietnam, and is the key economic zone of the region. The geographical location provides advantageous conditions for the socio-economic development of the province. The basin is seriously affected by natural disasters, which have had negative impacts on the economic growth rate of Quang Nam Province. According to five-year statistics from 2003 to 2007 by the Quang Nam
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