Abstract
In this article, we propose a method for designing online totally self-checking (TSC) comparators for TSC systems implementable on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This method can be used to conduct exhaustive online diagnostics of each lookup table (LUT), which involves mapping the fundamental components of the comparator, with a small number of test patterns by directly measuring output of each LUT. Our method drastically reduces the number of test patterns for exhaustive diagnosis on the order of the input number n [ $O(n)$ ] ( n is the input number to the comparator) while maintaining 100% coverage, even if we only know the specifications of the LUT without knowing its detailed structure. FPGAs will be easily applicable to systems that require high dependability. To confirm the soft error rate (SER) in a static random-access memory (SRAM)-based FPGA, we also conducted an experiment involving a single-event upset (SEU) caused by neutron radiation. For this experiment, we designed an FPGA implementation of 1575 identical dual-modular-redundant TSC comparators. The experiment was conducted for 10.4 h, and 34 errors were observed regarding such failures in comparator function. The evaluated SER for the TSC comparator with the proposed method was 0.055 FIT at sea level of New York City.
Highlights
IntroductionW ITH the progress in Industries 4.0, systems, which need to be highly dependable, especially regarding safety applications such as for automobiles, railway systems, chemical plants, and avionics, have become sophisticated due to the acceleration in the use of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology (involving connecting many sensors) and artificial intelligence (AI) technology (provides highly efficient processing of data gathered using the IoT technology)
W ITH the progress in Industries 4.0, systems, which need to be highly dependable, especially regarding safety applications such as for automobiles, railway systems, chemical plants, and avionics, have become sophisticated due to the acceleration in the use of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology and artificial intelligence (AI) technology
When a nucleus in the device collides with a ballistic neutron, a nuclear spallation reaction, in which the nucleus breaks into secondary fragments, can take place with a certain probability
Summary
W ITH the progress in Industries 4.0, systems, which need to be highly dependable, especially regarding safety applications such as for automobiles, railway systems, chemical plants, and avionics, have become sophisticated due to the acceleration in the use of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology (involving connecting many sensors) and artificial intelligence (AI) technology (provides highly efficient processing of data gathered using the IoT technology). The processors for such a system need to perform well; the production of such processors is limited due to the particularity. Design methods that achieve high dependability by applying FPGAs to these systems become more important
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
