Design and Simulation of Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with a Hole Transport Layer Made of NiO Nanocomposite

Abstract

Large-scale commercial manufacture and photovoltaic field use of lead halide perovskites are hampered by the toxicity of lead. For the development of ecologically acceptable lead-free perovskite solar cells, some innovative non-or low-toxic perovskite materials have been investigated. In past few years, there has been a lot of study into using lead-free perovskite solar cells and many studies have been done to improve the power conversion efficiency and sustainability of such solar cells. The effects of NiO nanocomposite as hole transport layer on, open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), Fill Factor and power conversion efficiency (PCE) are studied in this study. Solar cell limiting factor such as variation of thickness in absorber layer, hole transport layer and electron transport layer, bandgap, operating temperature of solar cell have been investigated. After the simulation and optimization of proposed device 23.28% of power conversion efficiency has been achieved.