Desempenho ambiental de edificações: avaliação de ciclo de vida em empreendimento residencial

Abstract

Sustainable development and environmental performance of buildings began to occupy key role in the Construction sector in the last 20 years. Despite occupying important position in the economic scenario of the country, this industry segment is presented as one of the most critical with regard to the environmental impacts of its production process. Given the need for environmental impact assessment of enterprises, from production of raw materials, through the production process and considering all aspects of the use and disposal , Life Cycle Assessment (LCA ) has emerged as an important tool in the identification of aspects and quantification of these impacts in search of a more sustainable construction. This article aims to use the LCA in order to discuss the environmental performance of buildings, as well as disseminating the theme, their applicability and limitations. This work is part of the practical application of LCA tool, characterized by exploratory study, since the shortage of similar experiences and the existence of various analysis elements involved in the process, if opted by the case study as a research strategy. The case study was applied to a residential building in Salvador/BA, using the SimaPro 7.3.3 software and the CML 2001 as the method of assessing impacts. The environmental impact categories analyzed were global warming, abiotic depletion, human toxicity and ecotoxicity. The results show that it is possible to describe the most relevant impacts of a building, dividing them by stage of the construction process, as well as demonstrate the need for a structured model that allows the