Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop docetaxel-loaded nano liquid crystals (NLCs) to enhanced and effective delivery of the drug to the skin cancer.
 Methods: NLCs bearing docetaxel were prepared by an emulsification solvent diffusion method. The formulated NLCs were characterized for average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) Zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release study. The prepared formulations were studied for it's in vitro cell line and cell uptake study.
 Results: It was revealed that the average size of NLCs was found 178.3±5.07, PDI was 0.189, percent entrapment efficiency was found 71.3±2.49 and Zeta potential was found-17.3±2.4. In vitro release determined by Franz diffusion cell was found 61.6±3.2% after 72 hr. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay shows that Docetaxel loaded NLCs were giving more cytotoxicity as compared to the plain drug. The cell uptake study was found enhanced uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) loaded NLCs in comparison to plain FITC. Docetaxel and docetaxel-loaded NLCs showed 28.3±0.3 and 39.3±1.3 growth inhibition respectively after 48h upon incubation at 0.5 µg/ml concentration (p<0.05).
 Conclusion: The result of the studies was concluded that NLCs can be used as impending drug delivery system which may enhance the drug uptake and maintain the drug level for longer period of time and it is potential carrier system which can be used for the treatment of skin diseases like cancer.
Highlights
Melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma are different types of skin cancer that are most commonly origin by extensive contact to sunlight and it is recognized by unwarranted propagation of these type of cells which generally results in damage of keratinocytes
Prepared formulations of Nano Liquid Crystals (NLCs) were optimized on the basis of particle size, shape, surface charge, and entrapment efficiency
It was observed that the particles size of NLCs was increase with increasing the concentration of stearic acid and particle size was decease with increasing the concentration of tween 80, stirring speed and increasing the sonication time
Summary
Squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma are different types of skin cancer that are most commonly origin by extensive contact to sunlight and it is recognized by unwarranted propagation of these type of cells which generally results in damage of keratinocytes. Docetaxel used to treat a number of breast cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, prostate cancer, and non-small-cell lung cancer. It is the taxane family of medications. NLCs are non-toxic and can be prepared without the use of toxic materials [6]. They are capable to protect the drug molecules against degradation and provide sustained release pattern [7, 8]. The topical administration of Docetaxel-loaded NLCs for skin cancer can be minimizing the side effects of Docetaxel and increase therapeutic effectiveness [3]. Aim of this study was to investigate and assess the potential of Docetaxel-loaded NLCs for the treatment of skin cancer using skin cancer cell line [2, 10, 11]
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