Abstract
Stiffness reduction model for laminates with non-uniformly distributed intralaminar cracks is presented and used to analyze the effect of non-uniformity and the accuracy of predictions based on uniform spacing. The values of the normalized crack opening displacement (COD) as affected by the presence of other cracks are used to calculate the axial modulus of cross-ply laminates with cracks. The COD is calculated using finite element method (FEM), considering two closest neighbors of the crack and using the smallest versus the average crack spacing ratio as non-uniformity parameter. Assuming uniform spacing the axial modulus reduction is overestimated. A "double-periodic" approach is presented to calculate the COD of a crack in a non-uniform case as the average of two solutions for periodic crack systems.
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