Abstract
The implementation of network codes within the framework of European Transmission System Operators (TSOs), involves redesigning the process of executing remedial actions aimed at maintaining the power system on a daily basis. One of the key elements of this redesign is the co-optimisation of all accessible measures, bringing a cost-optimal result and providing network security for the entire Capacity Calculation Region (CCR). This specifically means that the currently installed Phase Shifting Transformers (PSTs) are expected to be utilised for the benefit of the whole CCR, with no special priority to any issues incurred by the owner. Therefore, this paper addresses any questions regarding the rules of financing (investment shares per TSO) to be applied for future PST installations. The investment shares are calculated based on the exemplary implementation of a new European procedure – cost-sharing of remedial actions. Consequently, another long-term application of this process is postulated. In order to support the claims with numerical evidence, two scenarios with new PST investments are analysed. The conclusions drawn show that the largest investment burden can be imposed upon zones different from the area of which the new PST installation has taken place. As a result, joint TSOs’ investments may be a potential solution to financing new devices used for future coordination of remedial actions.
Highlights
Transmission system operators (TSOs) were either providing operational security for their designated control areas independently, or worked bilaterally based upon separate agreements of cooperation
In this study we focus on an alternative application of the cost-sharing rule, which can help determine the contributors of grid-related investments serving multiple control areas
In the H2020 EU-SysFlex project [18,19,20], European network models were designed in order to illustrate different power system stability conditions: minimal inertia, maximal load and minimal reactive power availability
Summary
Transmission system operators (TSOs) were either providing operational security for their designated control areas independently, or worked bilaterally (multilaterally) based upon separate agreements of cooperation. In such a case, investing in phase-shifting transformers (PSTs) was a fair alternative for developing own transmission branches for a TSO—these costly devices, if located properly, are able to mitigate a significant amount of grid congestions, and protect from the adverse effects of other inter-zonal transactions. The devices will be used to provide more capacity for branches that are constraining inter-zonal power exchange, increasing the social welfare of the whole region Another role will be played in harmonised coordinated actions listed below: Energies 2020, 13, 4019; doi:10.3390/en13154019 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies
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