Abstract

With the help of phase shifting transformers (PST) it is possible to control active power flows in the AC grid. At the moment several PSTs are installed in different European control areas and an additional number are planned for the future. Thereby, the PSTs have beside positive influences to the disposition of line loadings also an influence regarding net losses. The possibility to increase the net losses with help of PSTs without violation of relevant constraints will be investigated in this paper. The aim is a method that uses the transmission grid and in particular its losses as a flexible load and to provide negative minute reserve (MR)/replacement reserve in case of higher generation than consumption, which is more likely the more renewable energy sources are installed. This could enable the transmission system operators (TSO) to react in a bounded dimension independent of the control reserve market, where the prices for negative MR increase for some time.

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