Abstract
The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers an attractive strategy to replace the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for energy-saving hydrogen production due to its favorable thermodynamic property, but its development is hindered by the lack of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts. In this study, nickel-tellurium (Ni-Te) grown on 3D nickel foam was successfully synthesized using a simple and facile electrodeposition method. The electrodeposition process of Ni-Te follows the three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation/growth mechanism controlled by diffusion. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of Ni-Te in the electrodeposition process is as low as 36.5 kJ∙mol-1. Lattice distortion structure obtained by electrodeposition modifies the intrinsic electronic structure and optimizes the adsorption energy of intermediates. Thanks to the synergistic effects of fast electron transport, superhydrophilic surface and nanoflake structure, the prepared Ni-Te electrocatalyst shows excellent activity toward UOR with a low potential of 1.503 V vs. RHE at 100 mA·cm-2 and a small Tafel slope (63.6 mV·dec-1) in 1.0 M KOH containing 0.33 M urea solution.
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