Abstract
Defects in three different types of ZnO nanostructures before and after annealing underdifferent conditions were studied. The annealing atmosphere and temperature were foundto strongly affect the yellow and orange-red defect emissions, while green emission was notsignificantly affected by annealing. The defect emissions exhibited a strong dependence onthe temperature and excitation wavelength, with some defect emissions observable only atlow temperatures and for certain excitation wavelengths. The yellow emission in samplesprepared by a hydrothermal method is likely due to the presence of OH groups, insteadof the commonly assumed interstitial oxygen defect. The green and orange-redemissions are likely due to donor acceptor transitions involving defect complexes,which likely include zinc vacancy complexes in the case of orange-red emissions.
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