Abstract
Deacidification of triacylglycerols by extraction is investigated using aqueous solutions of amines as extractants. Tertiary amines with boiling points ranging between 100° and 170°C, such as 2-methylamino-diethanol, 2-dimethylamino-ethanol, 4-methylmorpholine, 1-dimethylamino-2-propanol etc. were found to be suitable substances. Especially the deacidification by aqueous solutions of 2-dimethylamino-ethanol (DMAE) was amply investigated as it is used as an active agent in remedies. Amazingly gelatinous soap stocks are not formed, when the concentration of DMAE exceeds 20% if the free fatty acid content of the oil is below 15%. Two liquid phases are formed in systems composed of triacylglyceroles and aqueous solutions containing 20 to 80% DMAE. Palm oil containing 4.3 wt.% free fatty acids was mixed with an equal amount of an aqueous solution of 30 wt.% DMAE at 60°C. In equilibrium an extract containing 86 wt.% free fatty acids (solvents deducted) and a raffinate of 0.09 wt.% free fatty acids are obtained. Loss of neutral oil being 0.7 wt.%.
Highlights
Crude fats and oils contain numbers of byproducts which impair storage life, smell, flavors, and appearance
In former investigations methanol, ethanol, their mixtures with water, and poly(ethylene) glycols were proved regarding their suitability for the extraction of free fatty acids from triacylglycerols
Using the solvent to feed ratio1 in a four stage cross-stream extraction of abattoir fat with methanol at 60°C the free fatty acids (FFA) content was reduced from 1.6% to less than 0.1%
Summary
Crude fats and oils contain numbers of byproducts which impair storage life, smell, flavors, and appearance. The most important are suspended solids, organophosphorous compounds, free fatty acids, coloring substances, and odoriferous substances. Phophatides and trace metals must be removed as completely as possible from the crude fat. When finely distributed solids and phosphorous compounds are removed further processing has the purpose. Some vegetable oils contain commercially interesting concentrations of valuable minor components. Soy bean oil contains tocopherols, palm oil tocotrienols, tocopherols, and carotenes with concentrations between 400 and 1,000ppm to mention the two most important sorts of oil seeds. The cultivation of oil palms and simultaneously the production of palm oil expanded rapidly and further strong growth is expected
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