Abstract
Acer miaotaiense (P. C. Tsoong) is a rare and highly endangered plant in China. Because of the lack of genomic information and the limited number of available molecular markers, there are insufficient tools to determine the genetic diversity of this species. Here, 93,305 unigenes were obtained by multiple assembled contigs with a transcriptome sequencing program. Furthermore, 12,819 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were generated, 300 were randomly selected and synthesized, 19 primer pairs were identified as highly polymorphic (average number of alleles (Na) = 8, expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.635, polymorphism information content (PIC) = 0.604) and were further used for population genetic analysis. All 261 samples were grouped into two genetic clusters by UPGMA, a principal component analyses and a STRUCTURE analyses. A moderate level of genetic differentiation (genetic differentiation index (Fst) = 0.059–0.116, gene flow = 1.904–3.993) among the populations and the major genetic variance (81.01%) within populations were revealed by the AMOVA. Based on the results, scientific conservation strategies should be established using in situ and ex situ conservation strategies. The study provides useful genetic information for the protection of precious wild resources and for further research on the origin and evolution of this endangered plant and its related species.
Highlights
IntroductionC. Tsoong), a perennial woody plant belonging to Acer (family Aceraceae), is an endangered species mainly distributed in the Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces of China [1,2]
For the gene ontology (GO) functional classification, 24,267 unigenes (~45.32% of the assembled unigenes) were assigned, and these terms could be divided into three categories: molecular function (15,687, 64.65%); biological process (4580, 18.87%); and cellular component (4000, 16.48%) (Figure 2)
[48,49]and and Genetic diversity is the result of the long-term evolution of species or populations
Summary
C. Tsoong), a perennial woody plant belonging to Acer (family Aceraceae), is an endangered species mainly distributed in the Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces of China [1,2]. A. miaotaiense was listed as a third-class nationally protected plant in the Chinese Red Data Book in. As a distinctive species among the Aceraceae family, A. miaotaiense has nearly horizontal fruit wings and, is of great significance in studies of the morphological evolution and classification of Aceraceae. It is a popular landscaping tree [2], and its bark, leaves and fruit can be used as raw materials for tannin extraction, resulting
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