Abstract
Purpose : To facilitate the molecular identification of original plants, resolve taxonomic problems and identify standards for ‘Xihuangcao’-based products on the market. Methods : A transcriptomic analysis of two closely related species, i.e., Isodon serra (Maxim.) (IS) and I. lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Hara, was conducted by using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were developed based on these transcriptomes. Results : In total, 149,650 and 103,221 contigs were obtained, with N50 values of 1,400 and 1,516, from the IS and I. lophanthoides RNA-Seq datasets, respectively. These contigs were clustered into 107,777 and 68,220 unigenes, which were functionally annotated to identify the genes involved in therapeutic components. In total, 14,138 and 11,756 EST-SSR motifs were identified, and of these motifs, 7,453 and 6,428 were used to design primers for IS and I. lophanthoides, respectively. After PCR verification and fluorescence-based genotyping, 24 SSR markers with bright bands, high polymorphism, and single amplification were obtained and used to identify closely related Isodon species/varieties. Conclusion : These data could help herbal scientists identify high-quality herbal plants and provide a reference for genetic improvement and population genetic and phylogenetic studies investigating ‘Xihuangcao’ herbs. Keywords : Xihuangcao, Transcriptome, EST-SSR, Molecular markers
Highlights
IntroductionXihuangcao (named after its yellow leaf juice) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that is well known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities [1]
Xihuangcao is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that is well known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities [1]
The results of the present study demonstrate that the presented expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) primer pairs could practically, rapidly, and accurately identify the common varieties of ‘Xihuangcao’ herbs
Summary
Xihuangcao (named after its yellow leaf juice) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that is well known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities [1]. This herb is mainly used to treat acute icteric hepatitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, enteritis, sphagitis, and gynecopathy [2]. ‘Xihuangcao’ on the herbal medicinal market is mainly derived from the following two species and three varieties: Isodon serra (Maxim.) Kudo (IS, the research material in this paper), I. lophanthoides The most important part of Xihuangcao herb exploitation is the correct identification of the original plant
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