Abstract

We investigate the behavior of the dc voltage drop in a periodically driven double barrier structure (DBS) sensed by voltages probes that are weakly coupled to the system. We find that the four terminal resistance R4t measured with the probes located outside the DBS results identical to the resistance measured in the same structure under a stationary bias voltage difference between left and right reservoirs. This result, valid beyond the adiabatic pumping regime, can be taken as an indication of the universal character of R4t as a measure of the resistive properties of a sample, irrespectively of the mechanism used to induce the transport.

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