Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the properties of motor benzole. Motor benzole is a mixture of the three lower aromatic hydrocarbons, namely, benzene, toluene and xylene, in the approximate proportions 75, 15, and 10%, respectively. Small proportions of other hydrocarbons and impurities may be present, usually less than 10%. Crude benzole is recovered from coke-oven gas and from other coal gases produced at high temperatures, by scrubbing the gas with gas oil or creosote oil, or by absorption on active carbon after tar vapors, water, and ammonia have been removed. A small percentage of benzole is also present in coal tar, from which it may be recovered by distillation. Crude benzole may contain, as impurities, sulfur compounds (for example, carbon disulphide and thiophene), phenols, pyridine, indene, coumarone, naphthalene, and traces of scrubbing oil. Motor benzole is usually sold as a blend with gasoline—benzole mixture—in proportions between 5% and 30%. It is also sometimes used in ternary blends with gasoline and alcohol, or with tetralin and alcohol.
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