Das Verhältnis zwischen künstlerischem Prototyp und individuellem Ausdruck im Werk eines Barockbildhauers am Beispiel der Kreuzigungsgruppe

The paper deals with the issue of perception and delimitation of Central Europe (CE). The first part discusses basic concepts and conceptions of CE, which are crucial in this respect. Attention is then paid to differences in the perception of CE by individual nations and their reasons. The following empirical part of the study compares theoretical knowledge with conclusions from the research. This research was carried out through a questionnaire survey collecting mental maps of selected individuals. The respondents were senior high school students and first year university students from eight CE countries. Their task was to mark the boundaries of CE based on their subjective perception on a map of Europe. A total of 490 mental maps were received, analysed and aggregated to GIS map outputs. The final part compares and interprets the results and reflects on how and why the results differ in individual countries and to which extent they match hypothetical assumptions of ‘national’ perceptions of CE.

This ambitious book presents a conceptual framework for an institutional approach to economic change and economic transformation. It sheds important light on two basic concepts: social complexity and interactive governance.

Climatostratigraphy

QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY | Climatostratigraphy

Climatostratigraphy

Climatostratigraphy

1.1 Mining and the environment As minerals, which are essential to industrial economies, are presently not in short supply, nor do they seem to be for the next several generations, mining and mineral processing can no longer be presumed to be the best of all possible uses for land; it must compete with compelling demands for alternative uses. Environmental protection and rehabilitation are fast becoming high priorities throughout the world, no longer confined to industrialized countries. Environmental regulations in the developed countries are one of the main reasons for the departure of metal mining companies to less developed nations in the last few decades. Low labor costs, exploration potential, and lax or no existing environmental policies, reinforced this process (Hodges, 1995). While industrialized countries started to formulate environmental reports and to implement environmental framework laws in the 1970’s (e.g., USA, Central Europe, Japan), developing countries started this process only recently in the 1990’s (e.g., Chile, Peru, Korea, Nigeria), as reported in (Janicke & Weidner, 1997). Increasing world population together with economic growth in emerging countries (e.g. China, India, Brasil etc.) is increasing constantly the demand for metals and minerals in the near future and the associated environmental assessment. Although the world economic crisis stopped this trend for one year, the newly increasing metal prices on the world marked confirm that this trend will go on.

This paper is an attempt to present the main commentaries, findings, conclusions and suggestions concerning the fundamentals of management of forestry resources in regard to socio-economic aspects. The author strongly distinguishes between the natural, technological and economic sphere of subjects, which have been analyzed. A systems approach is presented. The basic concepts have been discussed. The matter of economics and economy, concerning the forest resources and in forestry, is stressed especially.

Book Review. A New Insight into Theory of Conceptual Metaphor

The biogeochemical cycles of most toxic metals have been significantly altered by anthropogenic activities. Anaerobic, rain-fed organic soils are believed to record historical changes in atmospheric pollution. Suspected postdepositional mobility of trace elements, however, hinders the usefulness of peat bogs as pollution archives. To lower this uncertainty, we quantified the mobility of six trace metals in peat during an 18-month field manipulation. A replicated, reciprocal peat transplant experiment was conducted between a heavily polluted and a relatively unpolluted peatland, located 200 km apart in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). Both peatlands were Sphagnum-derived, lawn-dominated, and had water table close to the surface. A strikingly different behavior was observed for two groups of elements. Elements of group I, Fe and Mn, adjusted their abundances and vertical patterns to the host site, showing an extremely high degree of mobility. In contrast, elements of group II, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ti, preserved their original vertical patterns at the host site, showing a high degree of immobility. Our experimental results suggest that not just lead, but also copper and zinc concentration profiles in peat are a reliable archive of temporal pollution changes within a wide pH range (2.5-5.8).

The purpose of this sourcebook is to enrich and inform the dialog on intergovernmental finance issues in Central and Eastern Europe. The sourcebook facilitates direct access to the wealth of knowledge and information on intergovernmental finance issues in Central and Eastern Europe by providing direct electronic links to a large number of documents on the subject. The documents discuss the basic concepts and principles of intergovernmental finance and describe the evolution of intergovernmental finance in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The sourcebook serves as a roadmap to help readers explore the documents and find relevant materials on specific intergovernmental finance issues.

With the aim to improve the quality of public administration (PA) programmes in Europe, EGPA established in 1999—together with the Network of Institutes and Schools of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe (NISPAcee)—the European Association for Public Administration Accreditation (EAPAA). This chapter presents the development of EAPAA in the last two decades and the experiences made with voluntary accreditation of academic PA programmes in Europe. The authors illustrate the basic accreditation concept of EAPAA, its integration into the European quality assurance institutions and the scope of accreditation missions over time. Finally, the effects of accreditation measures in the educational field of PA are discussed.

Marxism, one of the few philosophies that turned into an effective movement, not so long ago was the official ideology in one form or another of much of humanity. It was promulgated initially by the Soviet Union, then imposed on much of Central and Eastern Europe, later emerged in the People's Republic of China, and gradually spread to other parts of Asia and even bits of Africa and Latin America. Although declining in its initial popularity, it still remains strong in several countries and is supported by numerous communist and other parties and countless individuals around the world. The A to Z of Marxism covers the history of Marxism and all its thinkers and schools of thought in a comprehensive manner. This is done, through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-reference dictionary entries on basic terms and concepts, significant thinkers and doers, and also the parties and countries that followed it.

Illiberalism in Central Europe is not due to local cultural traditions. Rather, it is a misguided reaction to the way the area was incorporated, after the fall of communism, into global, Western-dominated geopolitical networks. In the Introduction, I discuss the basic concepts of race and illiberalism, as well as the ever-changing nature and definition of Central Europe. I also introduce some of the major personalities promoting illiberalism in the area.

The contribution reviews basic concepts of earthquake hazard assessment for sites of nuclear power plants. Taking into account the delineation of earthquake source regions, intensity-frequency relations, upper intensity thresholdsI max and intensity attenuation curves, we determine the seismic hazard for a site in south Bohemia and calculated the quantities defining the seismic hazard, i.e. return period in years, probability of exceedance for different intensities and different periods of interest. The adopted procedure has some limitations due to the poor definition of seismogenic zones (boundaries,N(I),I max) and lack of strong motion observations in Central Europe.