Abstract
The preliminary study is aimed at evaluating the cytotoxic activity of crude extracts from the stem bark of Canarium odontophyllum against colorectal carcinoma cell HCT 116. Result of the extraction yield showed that distilled water produced the highest yield (10.58%) followed by methanol (6.55%) whereas acetone extracted the lowest yield (4.58%) from C. odontophyllum stem bark. Phytochemical screening test revealed the presence of terpenoid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin and phenolic compound in all the stem bark extracts of C. odontophyllum. Acetone extract of C. odontophyllum stem bark showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) cytotoxic effect with IC50 of 0.062 ± 1.04 mg/ml compared to methanol extract with IC50 0.122 ± 4.92 mg/ml. No cytotoxic effect was observed by the aqueous extract despite its high extraction yield. In conclusion, acetone and methanol extracts from C. odontophyllum stem bark exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against human colorectal cancer cell line HCT 116 and paves way for further investigation in view of its mode of cancer cell death.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant neoplasm in the world after breast and lung cancer, but it is more prevalent in developed countries [1]
Our findings demonstrated that water appeared to be the best solvent in the extraction of polar components from the stem bark of C. odontophyllum
Acetone extract resulted in the lowest percentage yield of extract from C. odontophyllum bark which is supported by [20] that the extractive yield from the stem bark of Alstonia scholaris and stem of Tinospora cordifolia were lower in acetone compared to methanol as extraction solvent
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant neoplasm in the world after breast and lung cancer, but it is more prevalent in developed countries [1]. The most common cancer among Malaysian men during the period of 2007 until 2011 was colorectal, followed by lung cancer whereas colorectal cancer came in second after breast cancer in women [3]. Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of death with 3500 cases per year and has become a major public problem [4]. Since the 1950s, modern medicine began more systematically to examine the natural organisms as a source of useful anti-cancer from plant, which has proven that its derivatives can be used for treatment or prevention of cancer in human [7]. According to Pezzuto [8], plant extracts have potential for use as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent as it can inhibit the process of carcinogenesis [9]
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