Abstract
Background Canarium odontophyllum Miq. is a plant species widely known as ‘dabai’ and can be vastly found in Sarawak. The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of extracts from stem bark of C. odontophyllum against HCT 116 human colorectal cancer cell line.MethodThe IC50 values of the aqueous, methanol, and acetone extracts against HCT 116 cells as well as the acetone extract against human colon fibroblast cell line CCD-18co were determined using the MTT assay. The concentration of the extracts ranged from 12.5 to 200 μg/ml at treatment time of 24, 48 and 72 h. Annexin V-FITC/PI labelling assay was employed to determine mode of HCT 116 cell death induced by acetone extract at 48 h. The DNA damage induced by the extract in HCT 116 cells was detected using alkaline comet assay at 30 min of IC10 and IC25 treatment.ResultsAcetone extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect against HCT 116 cells compared to methanol and aqueous extract at 24, 48 and 72 h. Despite no cytotoxic effect by acetone extract against CCD-18co cells at 24 and 48 h, however at 72 h, CCD-18co cells proliferated. Apoptosis assessment using Annexin V-FITC/PI labelling assay revealed that the primary cell death was via apoptosis after 48 h treatment. Low doses of acetone extract from stem bark of C. odontophyllum showed significant DNA damage in HCT 116 cells with tail moment of 6.187 ± 0.718 A.U and 7.877 ± 0.142 A.U, respectively.ConclusionsAcetone extract from stem bark of C. odontophyllum has high potential in the development of anticancer agent against HCT 116 cells with no cytotoxic effect against human colon fibroblast cells.
Highlights
Canarium odontophyllum Miq. is a plant species widely known as ‘dabai’ and can be vastly found in Sarawak
Acetone extract from stem bark of C. odontophyllum has high potential in the development of anticancer agent against HCT 116 cells with no cytotoxic effect against human colon fibroblast cells
No cytotoxic effect was observed by the aqueous extract (Fig. 3) at the same treatment duration
Summary
Canarium odontophyllum Miq. is a plant species widely known as ‘dabai’ and can be vastly found in Sarawak. Colorectal cancer is one of the main causes to high mortality and morbidity rate of cancer. Colorectal cancer falls in second highest mortality and morbidity rate followed by lung cancer, Plant derived anti-cancer agents play an important role in cancer chemotherapy [4]. Plant derived anti-cancer agents are known to be safer and give less side effects when in comparison with those synthetic anti-cancer agents available [5]. Canarium odontophyllum Miq. is a type of plant that is known as ‘dabai’ or ‘Borneo olive’. It can be found in Sarawak, Malaysia especially in Sibu, Sarikei and Kapit [6]. The fruit of C. odontophyllum is oval with a purplish skin and has
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