Abstract
Due to their unique structural, physical and chemical properties, cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been of great interest to scientists and researchers in both academia and industry for over a century. Many of the industrial applications of cyclodextrins have arisen from their ability to encapsulate, either partially or fully, other molecules, especially organic compounds. Cyclodextrins are non-toxic oligopolymers of glucose that help to increase the solubility of organic compounds with poor aqueous solubility, can mask odors from foul-smelling compounds, and have been widely studied in the area of drug delivery. In this review, we explore the structural and chemical properties of cyclodextrins that give rise to this encapsulation (i.e., the formation of inclusion complexes) ability. This review is unique from others written on this subject because it provides powerful insights into factors that affect cyclodextrin encapsulation. It also examines these insights in great detail. Later, we provide an overview of some industrial applications of cyclodextrins, while emphasizing the role of encapsulation in these applications. We strongly believe that cyclodextrins will continue to garner interest from scientists for many years to come, and that novel applications of cyclodextrins have yet to be discovered.
Highlights
Brief History of Cyclodextrins & Their Applications published maps and institutional affil-Cyclodextrins (CDs) were formally discovered in 1891 [1] as Antoine Villers studied enzymatic degradation of potato starch in bacteria [2,3]
Cyclodextrins (CDs) Cyclodextrins are non-toxic [6], sugar polymers that are stable in water and (CDs) areThey non-toxic sugar polymers are stable in water someCyclodextrins organic solvents show[6], high stability underthat alkaline conditions; theand resome solvents
The hydroxyl groups point towards the outside of the cyclodextrin molecule, with the C2 and C3–OH groups pointing towards the wide rim, and C6–OH groups pointing towards the narrow rim [42] (Figure 5)
Summary
CDs is is mainly mainly due due to to their properties. To understand their versatility and applicability, it is essential properties. To understand their versatility and applicability, it is essential to to begin begin with a description of their physicochemical properties. With a description of their physicochemical properties
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