Abstract
Immunotherapy encompasses a wide array of treatment modalities that utilize our natural defense system to fight against cancer and in recent years has contributed to significant improvement in survival and quality of life in patients. However, its use in prostate cancer has been limited due to low efficacy and lack of effective biomarkers. Prostate cancer’s unfavorable tumor microenvironment characterized by T-cell exclusion and expansion of T-reg cells, along with the possible inhibitory effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on the immune system further explains this poor response to immunotherapy. Here, we review current immunotherapies and ongoing clinical trials as well as potential biomarkers being investigated to predict treatment responses to immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the conflicting results on the best approach to sequencing immunotherapy in relation to ADT.
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