Abstract
Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder second only to Alzheimer's disease in seriousness and tends to worsen with aging. Several drugs and genes have been developed and identified to treat PD. However, their activity against PD as solo agents has been hindered by their inability to permeate the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and also that they have a short half-life. Drug delivery systems (DDS) play a vital role in drug transport to specific tissue sites in the central nervous system by overcoming the hurdle presented by the BBB. A variety of DDS, including nanosized polymers, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and exosomes, have been introduced to improve the capability of drug/gene. The DDS surface has been modified with active components, such as lactoferrin, transferrin, wheat germ agglutinin, Angiopep, Trojan horse and antibody OX26, to facilitate BBB permeation. Of the DDS, exosomes, a natural vehicle, is exposed to a limited extent and may be an efficacious carrier system in the near future. Though there is still a lack of clinical trials investigating DDS for PD management, DDS have assisted in improving therapeutic efficiency in animal models. This review is focused on an overview of DDS established to enhance the efficacy of drug/gene in PD treatment.
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