Abstract
To answer the question “How does lanthanide doping in iron oxide affect cure kinetics of epoxy-based nanocomposites?”, we synthesized samarium (Sm)-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles electrochemically and characterized it using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses (XPS). The magnetic particles were uniformly dispersed in epoxy resin to increase the curability of the epoxy/amine system. The effect of the lanthanide dopant on the curing reaction of epoxy with amine was explored by analyzing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experimental data based on a model-free methodology. It was found that Sm3+ in the structure of Fe3O4 crystal participates in cross-linking epoxy by catalyzing the reaction between epoxide rings and amine groups of curing agents. In addition, the etherification reaction of active OH groups on the surface of nanoparticles reacts with epoxy rings, which prolong the reaction time at the late stage of reaction where diffusion is the dominant mechanism.
Highlights
The subject of magnetic nanoparticles has attracted significant interest, in particular, in the medical field and other high-tech applications [1,2,3]
Sm3+ -doped Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were prepared through the cathodic electrodeposition (CED) procedure using a stainless steel cathode (316 L, 5 cm × 5 cm × 0.5 mm) inside
Both KAS and Friedman man approaches can predict the curing of cross-linking the cross‐linking reaction for neat epoxy approaches can predict the curing rate rate of the reaction for neat epoxy and and nanoparticles incorporated epoxy systems
Summary
The subject of magnetic nanoparticles has attracted significant interest, in particular, in the medical field and other high-tech applications [1,2,3]. Magnetite nanoparticle-filled polymers have been widely used in various applications such as electronic devices, nonlinear optic systems, sensors, magnetic filters, and photovoltaic solar cells [4]. Owing to their good properties and low price, magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) nanoparticles have been studied most among the various kinds of magnetic nanoparticles [5,6,7]. Dispersion state and interfacial interaction between Fe3 O4 nanoparticles and epoxy matrix are two important parameters that affect the cross-linking reaction and final properties of epoxy nanocomposites [9,10]. With an eye to possibly to enhance the properties of the Fe3 O4 nanoparticles, doping of magnetite nanoparticles with other metal ions has been explored [20,21]
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