Cultural and psychological concept of art (continuing and overcoming M. Bakhtin and L.Vygotsky)

Abstract

The article outlines and develops a cultural and psychological concept of art. At the same time, the author starts from the concepts and understanding of the art of M. Bakhtin and L. Vygotsky, which he analyzed in his other works. For a better understanding of the theses, three cases are considered and analyzed: the novel by Israeli writer Meir Shalev "Two Bears Came out of the Forest", a poem by Marina Tsvetaeva and the process of discovering an artistic image by a small child. The author discusses several issues: problems that could worry Shalev and his readers, some features of the author's work that allowed to create an artistic reality of this work, features of artistic reality, a mental mechanism that generates strong emotions of readers. The techniques and expressive means used by Shalev during the creation of his novel are analyzed. The factors (semiotic, personal, cultural) that determine the independent existence of artistic reality, as well as the naturalness and realism of its events are discussed. These events are more real and natural because Shalev opens the way for the reader to the events of artistic reality, allows him to see the whole, emphasizes the most important. Shalev's genius as a storyteller, his wonderful language also plays a big role. It is concluded that the necessary conditions for the creation of artistic reality and the living of its events are the semiosis of art and a special form of human life in art (leisure according to Aristotle, "non-utilitarian form of life", according to the author).