CULTIVATED SPECIES OF PLANTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF FLORA OF THE SOUTHERN TRANS-URAL REGION

Abstract

This work was carried out with the aim of inventorying and analyzing cultivated species as part of the adventive component of the flora of the Southern Trans-Urals within the boundaries of the Kurgan Region and adjacent areas of the adjacent regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. In the territory under consideration, 296 species and 8 hybrids from 201 genera and 68 families of vascular plants, more or less regularly grown in open ground, and registered outside of cultivation sites, are registered. The list of cultivated plant species was 18.8 % of the flora of the Southern Trans-Urals. The overwhelming majority of plants cultivated in the region belong to ergasiophytes (226 taxons, or 76.4 % of the list of cultivated plants), which are unstable without care and are rarely observed outside cultivation sites. The group of plants more or less successfully entrenched in natural and (or) anthropogenically transformed communities is represented by 78 taxa (26.4 % of the total number of cultivated species). By the nature of their use, the most extensive is the list of ornamental herbaceous plants (119 taxa, or 39.9 % of the total number of cultivated species), ornamental trees and shrubs (62 species). The composition of food, aromatic and medicinal cultures is also significant (98 species). The list is closed by feed (16 species) and industrial crops (3 species). Systematically, taxa and hybrids cultivated in the Trans-Urals are represented by 68 families, the most numerous are Asteraceae (40 taxa), Rosaceae (29) and Fabaceae (25). In the spectrum of life forms of plants cultivated in the Trans-Urals, grassy monocarpics are leading: annuals (119 species, 39.9 %) and biennials (11 species, 3.7 %). By the nature of the primary range, the plants cultivated in the Trans-Urals are divided into 16 groups. Taxa with “western” origin are the most numerous: American (73 species), European (55 species), Mediterranean-South European (49 species), Mediterranean-Asian (41 species).