Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish central sensitization inventory.

Antonio Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas,Robert J Gatchel,Randy Neblett,Cristina Roldan-Jimenez

doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3515-4

Abstract

PurposingThe Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a new patient-reported instrument, which measures symptoms related to Central Sensitivity Syndromes and Central Sensitization. The aim of this study was to translate the CSI into Spanish, and then to perform a psychometric validation, including a factor analysis to reveal the underlying structure.MethodsIn this two-stage psychometric study participated 395 subjects with various chronic pain conditions and that were recruited from two Primary Care Centres. The CSI was cross-culturally adapted to Spanish through double forward and backward translations. The psychometric properties were then evaluated with analyses of construct validity, factor structure and internal consistency. One subgroup (n = 45) determined test-retest reliability at 7 days.ResultsThe Spanish Version of CSI demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.872) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.91). Factor structure was one-dimensional and supported construct validity.ConclusionsThe psychometric properties of the Spanish version were found to be strong, with high test-retest reliability and internal consistency, with similar psychometric properties to the English language version. Unlike the English version, however, a one factor solution was found to be a best fit for the Spanish version.

Highlights

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures (Garratt 2009) are commonly used to assess a patient’s symptoms or functional status
The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI)-Sp showed no missing responses and it showed a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.872) with an individual item range from 0.851 to 0.891
Measurement error was determined from standard error of the measurement (SEM) and MDC90, being at 2.52 and 7.83 %, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures (Garratt 2009) are commonly used to assess a patient’s symptoms or functional status. Physical symptoms are often unexplained by a specific organic cause. No organic explanation can be found in 10 % of patients who report persisting physical symptoms (Rief et al 2001). The phenomenon of central sensitization (CS) has been proposed to explain some incidents of “non-organic” symptoms. Central sensitivity syndrome (CSS) is a proposed category of interrelated disorders, with a common etiology of CS (Kindler et al 2011; Heinricher et al 2009; Tracey and Dunckley 2004; Yunus 2000). Chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, temporomandibular joint disorder, and migraine/ tension–type headache (Kindler et al 2011; Heinricher et al 2009; Tracey and Dunckley 2004; Yunus 2007)

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