Cross-sectional investigation of prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Shanghai

Abstract

To investigate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation among the permanent urban and rural inhabitants in Shanghai. Questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory testing were conducted among 14401 urban and rural inhabitants aged 15 - 74 in Shanghai selected by multistage cluster random sampling. The data about the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation were collected and analyzed. The respondent rate of this investigation was 80.5% (11,589/14,401). The prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were 8.6% (1000/11,589), 6.9% (802/11,589), and 1.0% (120/11,589) respectively (the standardized rates were 6.2%, 5.1% and 0.8%). The prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes, IGT, and IFG were significantly higher in those with overweight, obesity, central obesity, and hypertension. The prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes, IGT, and IFG in men were 8.9% (412/4621), 6.4% (296/4621), and 1.0% (47/4621) respectively, all not significantly different from those of the women, i.e. e., 8.4% (588/6968), 7.3% (506/6968), and 1.0% (73/6968) respectively (all P > 0.05). The prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes and IGT in the urban area were 11.2% (730/6500) and 6.4% (419/6500) respectively, both significantly higher than those in the rural area, i.e., 5.3% (270/5089) and 7.5% (383/5089) respectively (both P < 0.05). The prevalence rate of IFG in the urban area was 1.2% (77/6500), not significantly different from that in the rural area (0.8%, 43/5039, P > 0.05). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, IGT, and IFG increased apparently with age, body mass index, waist hip ratio, and waist circumference. The ratios of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in the urban area and rural area were 39.6% (289/730) and 69.3% (187/270) respectively (chi(2) = 74.07, P < 0.01). The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes in Shanghai is higher than the mean national level and shows an increasing tendency. Screening of type 2 diabetes in rich rural areas should be emphasized.