Abstract
Climate-related agricultural vulnerabilities, as well as their implications for food security and farm livelihoods, have been extensively documented. Extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, heat and cold waves, hailstorms, strong winds, cyclones, and other weather events have increased the exposures of agriculture to climate risk. These processes are hampered by a lack of appropriate climatic elements, resulting in an unfavourable drop in crop productivity. Increased frequency and intensity of droughts and floods, as well as erratic precipitation patterns are predicted to increase year-to-year yield variability in crop production. Microclimate, which refers to the climatic elements in the immediate vicinity of the plants, is critical because it regulates and affects the physiological reactions of the plants as well as the energy exchange activities between the plant and its surroundings. Implementation of such microclimatic modifications in crop production are required to manage extreme weather risks and boost crop output in order to increase food security and agricultural sustainability in this changing climate. The goal of this paper is to improve crop production and land productivity by modifying microclimate as a manifestation of the efficiency and effectiveness of growth factor utilisation. Keywords: Agriculture's vulnerability, Crop productivity, Climate change, Microclimatic modifications.
Highlights
Agriculture is an indispensable sector of the Indian economy since it produces a large portion of our food, including crops, animals
Climate-related agricultural vulnerabilities, as well as their implications for food security and farm livelihoods, have been extensively documented. Extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, heat and cold waves, hailstorms, strong winds, cyclones, and other weather events have increased the exposures of agriculture to climate risk
These processes are hampered by a lack of appropriate climatic elements, resulting in an unfavourable drop in crop productivity
Summary
Agriculture is an indispensable sector of the Indian economy since it produces a large portion of our food, including crops, animals. Soil moisture-rich locations have a more balanced microclimate with lower air and soil temperatures This helps plants develop, but it has an impact on weather and local rainfall patterns. Farmers all across the world use a variety of strategies, including residue retention, mulch application, and/or live mulch planting to modify solar radiation, reflection and absorption, shade, thermal radiation, temperature, humidity, wind/air movement, evaporation (crop and soil), soil moisture (surface and inside), and crop composition, structure, and growth. Straw burning in the wind creates a smoke layer over the crop surface that absorbs long-wave radiation released by the soil, protecting the mustard crop from frost by boosting the ambient temperature. Permanent Raised beds and broad beds, are the land modification that helps to save 2535 % of irrigation water, improve water efficiency, and avoid excess water near the crop root zone
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