Abstract
In recent years, the CRISPR-Cas system is most familiar and advance genome editing tool in modern biological research. The genome editing tool used in various biological researchers worldwide in past years has witnessed exposure site-directed mutagenesis modification methods zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), Meganucleases and CRISPR-Cas9(associated proteins 9). CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology to ease design and implement, more flexible and less expensive. Plants are affected two types of stresses like biotic and abiotic. Abiotic occurs naturally temperature or wind, sunlight depend upon on the environmental conditions. Biotic stress is caused by pathogens of virus, fungi, bacteria, etc. This review to focus on the recent advance of plant protection use CRISPR-Cas system mechanism of disease resistant plants in past and current trends of research. A short overview of the experimental methodology for Beet Curly Top Virus (BCTV) disease and Magnaporthe oryzae fungus infection cause rice blast disease resistance mechanisms will be discussed. Furthermore, the need developments of this genome editing tool in future.
Highlights
In thousands of years, humans try to engineer life in layout to develop and enrich useful features in various organisms
It’s the approach for protection to plants against Geminiviruses. This system conferred amplified resistance to the plants against the Geminivirus species including BCTV-(Beet Curly Top Virus), TMV (Turnip Mosaic Virus) and TYLCV (Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus) [19] advances in genome editing tools used new ways to achieve the improvement of resistance in crops
The transgenic A. thaliana and N.benthamiana plants overexpressing the same CRISPR-Cas system were highly resistant to Beet severe curling top virus (BSCTV) infection
Summary
Humans try to engineer life in layout to develop and enrich useful features in various organisms. The Cas RNA-guided endonuclease cleaves DNA at sequences that bind to the crRNA of the Cas (RNP) It termed proto-spacer Adjacent Motifs or PAMs Cas binding to sequences seize viral or plasmid genome the different cas proteins from species of bacteria or archaea identify different PAM sites [10]. The CRISPR-cas system can produce introduced at one-time multiple gene modifications concurrently because of multiple guide RNAs. the guide RNA strands typically target a DNA sequence of 20bp, which is relatively short, compared to the target sequences of ZFNs & TALENs. offer multiple options of all three methods to researchers yet these are not without limitations and complications of off-target effects (mutations introduced as non-specific loci), mosaicism (organisms with a mutant allele in only some of their cells), and difficulties of multiple-gene targeting [11]
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