Covariant thermodynamics and questions on Earth’s absolute motion in the 3K radiation

Abstract

We further explore new physical implications related to many-particle systems, thermodynamics and the cosmic 3 K radiation within the framework of common relativity which allows natural introduction of additional concepts that are not possible in special relativity. We employ an invariant genergyG=p 0/C to define the invariant partition functionZ and formulate covariant thermodynamics based on common relativity. Invariant Planck distribution for the black-body radiation is obtained. According to common relativity, the observed anisotropy of the 3 K radiation is not related to the angular dependence of the Planck distribution due to the absolute motion of the Earth in the cosmic black-body radiation because the spectral distribution of the «radiation energy» is covariant. This is in sharp contrast with the usual interpretation based on special relativity, in which the spectral distribution of the radiation energy is not covariant and has the simplest form in a particular reference frame.