Abstract
Progress in the development of commercially available non-enzymatic glucose sensors continues to be problematic due to issues regarding selectivity, reproducibility and stability. Overcoming these issues is a research challenge of significant importance. This study reports a novel fabrication process using a double-layer self-assembly of (3 mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTS) on a gold substrate and co-deposition of a platinum–copper alloy. The subsequent electrochemical dealloying of the less noble copper resulted in a nanoporous platinum structure on the uppermost exposed thiol groups. Amperometric responses at 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl found the modification to be highly selective towards glucose in the presence of known interferants. The sensor propagated a rapid response time <5 s and exhibited a wide linear range from 1 mM to 18 mM. Additionally, extremely robust stability was attributed to enhanced attachment due to the strong chemisorption between the gold substrate and the exposed thiol of MPTS. Incorporation of metallic nanomaterials using the self-assembly approach was demonstrated to provide a more reproducible and controlled molecular architecture for sensor fabrication. The successful application of the sensor in real blood serum samples displayed a strong correlation with clinically obtained glucose levels.
Highlights
Published: 26 September 2021To date, enzymatic glucose sensors remain commercially unchallenged, mainly due to the high selectivity of the enzyme towards glucose
In an effort to produce a reliable, reproducible non-enzymatic sensor for glucose, this study describes the immobilisation of a two-stage self-assembled monolayer of (3mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTS) onto a gold surface
Non-enzymatic glucose sensors were successfully fabricated using nanoporous platinum attached to gold screen-printed substrates using a MPTS 2D monolayer
Summary
Published: 26 September 2021To date, enzymatic glucose sensors remain commercially unchallenged, mainly due to the high selectivity of the enzyme towards glucose. The inclusion of an enzyme in biosensor fabrication can cause the sensor to be affected by temperature, pH, humidity and toxic chemicals [1]. Ensuring the stability of the immobilised enzyme and mediator on electrode surfaces requires considerable attention, often involving elaborate fabrication processes [2]. To overcome the problems associated with an enzymatic biosensor, the fabrication of non-enzymatic glucose sensors has recently been intensively investigated to improve their electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose. The non-enzymatic sensing of glucose based on the direct electrochemistry of glucose (oxidation or reduction) is a rapid and cost-effective approach [3]. As the sensor is enzyme-free, all associated enzymatic stability issues and enzyme immobilisation processes are removed from the fabrication process
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