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Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the Russian Empire authorities policy in the North-Western provinces, in particular, in the areas corresponding to the territory of present-day Lithuania, in the middle and second half of the 19th century. The author shows that Russian administration activity directed at undermining the influence of Polish nobility in the province, led to the government relying on Lithuanian and Belorussian peasantry. The publicist and publisher M.N, Katkov was the ideologist of this policy, and in practice it was enforced by the Governor General M.N. Muravyov. Largely due to that policy there started to appear Lithuanian intelligentsia and middle class. As the result, the Lithuanians, who belonged to lower classes before and spoke the language with no literary norms, grew into an independent nation.
Published Version
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